Modals in the Past Form

Modals in the past form : said auxiliary modality in the past tense.
Modals in the past are :
- Could

- Would

- Should

- Shall

a).  Could + verb base
      We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities.
      Ex :

           Cindy: I’m having trouble with math
           Mona : Why don’t you ask Puteri ? Perhaps she could help you.


b).  Might + verb base
      Use might to tell possibilities.
      Ex :

            Dion : Why is Rio taking the bus to get home
            Mia : He might get a flat time.


c).  Would + verb base
      Use would for an action that was repeated regularly in the past.
      Ex :

            Deni : What did you usually do in holidays ?
            Indy : I would visit my grandparent in the village, but how not anymore.


d).  Would + mind + V- ing
      Use would to express polite request.
      Ex :

            Mr. Kismo : Would you mind posting the letter
            Selena : No, not at all


e).   Should + verb base
       Ex :
             Bagas : Yogas, you should go to library now !
             Yogas : O.k

Asking for Information

      Asking Information There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English.
Here are some of the most common:
· Could you tell me…?
· Do you know…?
· Do you happen to know…?
· I’d like to know…
· Could you find out…?
· I’m interested in…
· I’m looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
· I’m calling to find out…
· I’m calling about…

Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English
1. What is this? This is a table This is a table                      
2. What is that? That is a chair.
3. What’s this? It’s a pen.
4. What’s that? It’s an apple.
5. What are these? These are pencils.
6. What are those? Those are books.
7. Where is Mr. King? He is over there.
8. Where is Ms. Knight? She’s (right) here.
9. Where’s Johnny? He’s in the house.
10. When’s the movie? It’s at 9:00.
11. When’s lunch? Lunch is at noon.
12. How is the food? It’s delicious.

Information about company
What does your company do?
What is your specialty?
What do you specialize in?
What is your main line of business?

Information about products
Could you give me some (more) information on this?
What can you tell me about this (product)?
Tell me about this one/model.

Information about Price
What are you asking for this?
What does this sell for?
How much is it?
How much does it run?

Invitation ( Writen )

         Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.

• There are two types of invitation.

1. They are Formal Invitation and Informal Invitation.

•  Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally            formal invitation is written invitation.

•  Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.

How to Write An Invitation ?

Step 1
Before you write an invitation, decide on the tone, voice and level of formality, based on the event itself. This will dictate whether you hand-write the cards or have them printed, and whether you choose A preprinted or personalized invitation.

Step 2
Choose the type of invite you want, and order or buy a few more than you think you'll need. This will permit you to add some guests to your list at the last minute, if necessary. For small parties, you may want to hand-write the invitations on stationery or blank cards. For large gatherings, consider ordering printed invitations.

Step 3
Determine the wording of your invite based on the level of formality. For example, a formal invitation might say, 'Dr. and Mrs. Stanley request the pleasure of your company,' whereas a more casual note might say, 'Please join us.'

Step 4
Include the names of the host and/or hostess, as well as the place (with street address), time, date and purpose of the occasion, even if it's a simple get-together.

Step 5
Make sure to add RSVP information at the bottom of the invite if you need to know who will be attending; for example, 'RSVP' followed by your telephone number.
R.S.V.P. which means "please reply.“The person sending the invitation would like you to tell him or her whether you accept or decline the invitation. That is, will you be coming to the event or not?

Step 6
Include a respond-by date on a formal invitation so you can get an accurate head count in time to adjust the amount of food, number of place settings and room size. For a wedding, charity function or other formal event, consider including a response card and a stamped, self-addressed envelope inside the envelope containing your invite.

Step 7
Mail invitations three weeks before most events, four weeks before a formal affair and three months before a wedding, to allow for airline reservations. For events held during the December holidays, send invitations around Thanksgiving.

Example :

•  Extending

           - Let’s go to the Keroncong Festival!
           - Please try to come!
           - I hope you’ll join us!
           - If you are not busy, pleased come to my party!
           - Shall we see the film?
           - I would like to invite you come to my house!

• Accepting

         - Great! Let’s do it!
         - Thank you. I’d like to!
         - That’s a good idea!
         - That would be very nice!
         - Thank you for invitation!

• Declining /refusing:

         - I’m really sorry about that.
         - Sorry. I can’t. I have to do something.
         - I’d love to. But I can’t.
         - Sorry. I really busy.

  Note : If you declining an invitation, please give a reason

Surprises & Disbieliefs

      A feeling that we feel when heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us an expression  that we show/ say when we know /  hear / see something that rather difficult to believe .Used to express something that we can’t or impossible.

To express surprise or disbelief:

• What a surprise! That’s a surprise!
• (Well), that’s very surprising!
• Really?
• What?
• Are you serious? You must be joking!
• You’re kidding!
• Fancy that!
• I must say … surprises me.
• I find that hard to believe.

Surprising amazement of something:

• Fantastic
• It’s great
• It’s terrific
• Wonderful!
• What a lovely flowers!

Example of expressing surprise:

     Asti   : How can you say that?

     Badu : Well, that’s the fact.

Example of expressing surprise:

     Jeni     : I can’t believe it!

     Kurnia : That’s true.

When you got a surprising fact, you can say:

¨      Do you know what?

¨      Believe it or not?

¨      You may not believe it, but …

¨      Can you believe this?

You can respond to the surprising fact using these expressions:

¨      Really?

¨      Are you joking?

¨      Oh?

¨      Where? Show me.

Gratitude, Compliment, Congrutulation

•     Gratitude

Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people, when speaking English, you say “thanks” very often please say “thank you” when people give you something and give you compliment, etc.

-Kinds of gratitude expressions are:
  - Thank you very much
  - Thank you for you help
  - I’m really very grateful to you
  - You’re welcome
  - Don’t mention it
  - I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)

 Respond of expressing :
-You are welcome
-Don't mention it
-It was nothing at all
-No problem
- I am glad I could help

• Compliment
        Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliment to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example :
- On his/her general appearance
- If you notice something new about the person’s appearance
- When you visit someone’s house for the first time
- When other people do their best

-Kinds of compliment expressions are :
  - What a nice dress!
  - You look great
  - I really must express my admiration for you dance
  - Excellent!
  - Nice work
  - Good Job

• Congratulation
    Congratulation is an expression that we use the give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something

Kinds of Congratulations are :
- Congratulation
- Congratulations
- Congratulations on your succeeds
- Happy Birthday
- Merry Christmas
- Happy New Your
- Happy Valentine
- Happy Anniversary

A) Giving The Congratulation
- Let me congratulate you
- Good
- That’s great!
- How fortunate
- Pretty Good

B) Replying To The Congratulations
- Thank You
- Thank, I needed that
- That’s very kind of you

C) Surprising
- Oh, it was very interesting! I want to the sea world
- It was fun! Went out with my classmate

Read carefully the dialogue below then practice with your friends
Cinta : How was your school party, Jenny?
Andin : It was fun! We Sony song and danced